Hedgehog Pet:  Owning These Exotic Companions

Introduction to Hedgehog Ownership

Hedgehogs have gained popularity as exotic pets due to their unique appearance and relatively small size. However, before bringing one of these spiny mammals into your home, it’s essential to understand what hedgehog ownership truly entails. These animals require specific care, housing, and attention that differs significantly from traditional pets like cats and dogs.

The African pygmy hedgehog is the most common species kept as pets, but ownership comes with responsibilities that potential owners should carefully consider. This article will explore the realities of hedgehog ownership, their care requirements, and whether they might be the right pet for you.

The Reality of Owning a Hedgehog

Many prospective owners are drawn to hedgehogs because of their cute appearance and novelty factor. However, the reality of hedgehog ownership often differs from expectations.

Personality and Temperament

Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal animals, meaning they’re most active during the night. This natural behavior pattern can clash with human schedules, potentially limiting interaction time. Unlike dogs or cats that actively seek human attention, hedgehogs are naturally more solitary and can be reserved.

Many hedgehog owners report that these animals require significant time to bond with their caretakers. Some hedgehogs may remain somewhat aloof even after months of handling. They’re not typically cuddly pets and may roll into a defensive ball when startled or uncomfortable.

Handling Considerations

Their spines, while not dangerously sharp, can be uncomfortable to handle without proper technique. Regular handling is necessary to socialize a hedgehog, but this requires patience and consistency. New owners should be prepared for a potentially lengthy adjustment period.

Legal Considerations

Before considering a hedgehog as a pet, check your local laws. Hedgehogs are illegal to own in some states and municipalities due to concerns about them becoming invasive species if released into the wild. Always verify the legality of hedgehog ownership in your specific location.

Hedgehog Habitat Requirements

Providing an appropriate living environment is crucial for a hedgehog’s health and happiness.

Cage Size and Setup

Hedgehogs need adequate space to explore and exercise. A minimum cage size of 2 feet by 3 feet is recommended, though larger is always better. Wire cages with solid bottoms or plastic-bottomed cages work well, but ensure bar spacing is small enough to prevent escape.

The enclosure should include:
– An exercise wheel (solid surface, not wire, to protect their feet)
– Hiding spots and tunnels
– Bedding material (paper-based bedding is recommended)
– Food and water dishes
– Temperature control (maintain between 72-80°F)

Temperature Requirements

Hedgehogs are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. They require a consistently warm environment between 72-80°F (22-27°C). Temperatures below 70°F can cause a hedgehog to attempt hibernation, which is dangerous for domestic hedgehogs and can be fatal. Many owners use ceramic heat emitters or space heaters to maintain appropriate temperatures.

Diet and Nutrition

Proper nutrition is essential for hedgehog health and longevity.

Daily Diet

A hedgehog’s diet typically consists of:
– High-quality hedgehog-specific kibble or cat food (high in protein, low in fat)
– Live insects (mealworms, crickets) as treats
– Small amounts of fruits and vegetables
– Fresh water daily

Obesity is a common health issue in pet hedgehogs, so portion control is important. Adult hedgehogs typically eat 2-3 tablespoons of food daily. Treats should be limited to prevent weight gain.

Health Concerns and Veterinary Care

Finding a veterinarian with experience treating hedgehogs can be challenging but is essential for proper care.

Common Health Issues

Hedgehogs are prone to certain health problems, including:
– Obesity and related issues
– Mite infestations
– Dental problems
– Respiratory infections
– Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome (a progressive neurological disease)
– Cancer (particularly uterine cancer in females)

Veterinary Care

Exotic pet veterinarians who treat hedgehogs are not available in all areas, and their services can be more expensive than standard veterinary care. Before getting a hedgehog, locate a qualified veterinarian in your area and budget for regular check-ups and potential emergencies.

Daily Care and Maintenance

Cleaning Requirements

Hedgehog enclosures require regular cleaning to prevent odor and maintain health:
– Spot cleaning daily (removing waste and soiled bedding)
– Complete cage cleaning weekly
– Regular wheel cleaning (often daily, as hedgehogs typically run and defecate on their wheels)

Bathing and Grooming

Hedgehogs have unique grooming needs. They engage in a behavior called “anointing,” where they cover themselves in new smells, which can be messy. Regular foot baths and occasional full baths with hedgehog-safe shampoo are necessary. Their nails also need regular trimming, which can be challenging for new owners.

Finding a Responsible Breeder

If you decide a hedgehog is right for you, sourcing from a reputable breeder is crucial.

Responsible breeders:
– Allow you to visit and see their breeding environment
– Answer questions thoroughly about care and health
– Provide health records and care information
– Show genuine concern for their animals’ welfare
– Follow up after purchase

Avoid pet stores or breeders who seem more concerned with making a sale than the animal’s welfare.

Is a Hedgehog Right for You?

Before committing to hedgehog ownership, consider these factors:

– Time commitment: Daily care, regular handling, and socialization
– Financial commitment: Setup costs, food, supplies, and veterinary care
– Living situation: Appropriate space and temperature control
– Allergies: Some people may be allergic to hedgehogs or their bedding
– Household composition: Not ideal for homes with young children
– Longevity: Hedgehogs typically live 4-7 years with proper care

Conclusion

Hedgehogs can make rewarding pets for the right owners who understand and accept their unique needs and natural behaviors. They’re not conventional pets and require specialized care, appropriate housing, and regular veterinary attention from exotic animal specialists.

If you’re considering a hedgehog, take time to research thoroughly, connect with current hedgehog owners, and honestly assess whether you can provide the specific environment and care these special animals require. With proper preparation and realistic expectations, a hedgehog can become a fascinating and enjoyable companion for years to come.

Remember that responsible pet ownership means committing to the animal’s well-being for its entire life, understanding that hedgehogs require specialized care different from traditional pets.